Zines (pronounced “ZEENS”), short for magazines or “fanzines”, are original, independently published booklets that preserve traditions of underground publishing. Physical characteristics of zines include being hand-written or drawn, produced on a one-page sheet of paper (8.5x11), and digitally designed. The format-less structure of zine-making allows for Zinester (zine-maker) creativity to take charge. The use of mixed media and self-distribution are two major characteristics of zines. Zines and zine culture upholds the DIY (do it yourself) aspect of small print publishing, that allows creators to distribute their content quickly and at a low-cost. Typically, zines are circulated within communities of >5,000 (Matthias 2023). Since the definition of zine is broad, historians typically debate when the first zine was created. Small published works similar to zines, such as pamphlets or leaflets, became a beacon for underground publishing during the 15th century (Britannica). Pamphlet popularity and distribution skyrocketed during the Elizabethan era, as a means to communicate and comment on religious, political, and societal controversy. Similarly, zines and small circulation press were rediscovered and utilized by the Beat Generation (1950's) and Punk movement of the 1970's (Fife 3).
In the twenty-first century, zines have become another avenue for activists, creatives, and community members to spread information and community resources. Zine popularity has increased due to events such as zine fairs, festivals, and symposiums that promote zine-making. Zines have also been increasingly used in library and academic settings. Navigate to "Zines as Library Tools" to learn more about the role of zines in the library.
Zine materials:
